(p. 315) 12. Modes of participation in crimes and concurrence of crimes
- DOI:
- 10.1093/he/9780198728962.003.0012
This chapter examines the commission of crimes. It distinguishes between principals and accessories. It considers a range of ways of being involved in crimes, called ‘modes of participation in crimes’, such as aiding and abetting, ordering or inciting crimes, or being responsible for crimes as a superior. Further, two special doctrines of ‘commission’ have grown up before international tribunals to describe the involvement of leaders as principals in international crimes. These are called joint criminal enterprise and co-perpetration, respectively. Finally, the chapter considers what happens when the one set of facts might satisfy the elements of several different international crimes, giving rise to issues of concurrence of crimes.
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