All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines how the status of ‘legal parenthood’ is acquired under English law. It considers different concepts of parenthood and possible approaches to determining legal parenthood; the current legal framework for identifying a child’s legal parents where a child is conceived through natural procreation; and the problems and challenges raised by the use of assisted reproduction techniques and surrogacy.
Chapter
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines how the status of ‘legal parenthood’ is acquired under English law. It considers different concepts of parenthood and possible approaches to determining legal parenthood; the current legal framework for identifying a child’s legal parents where a child is conceived through natural procreation; and the legal and social challenges raised by the use of assisted reproduction techniques and surrogacy.
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This chapter deals with the statutory provisions governing assisted reproduction, with particular reference to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (as amended) and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. It also explores the issue of access to services and whether these are available on the National Health Service, together with the ethical and legal issues surrounding the use and storage of gametes and embryos, surrogacy arrangements, and screening of embryos. Relevant cases are considered, where appropriate.
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The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam and assignment questions. Each book includes key debates, typical questions, diagram answer plans, suggested answers, author commentary, and tips to gain extra marks. This chapter focuses on legal parenthood and parental responsibility and contains two essay questions and two problem questions. The topics covered in this chapter are: presumptions of paternity and paternity tests; legal parenthood in assisted reproduction situations; the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008; legal parenthood in surrogacy situations; and parental responsibility. The topics covered in this chapter are complex as they raise legal, ethical, and moral issues.
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N V Lowe, G Douglas, E Hitchings, and R Taylor
This chapter considers the fundamental legal status of parenthood. Scientific developments and social change have led to an increasing diversity of family forms and challenged the basis on which parenthood is recognised. In consequence, legal recognition of parenthood has become increasingly complex. This chapter considers parenthood at common law and in the legislation governing assisted reproduction. In doing so it considers the developing law concerning transgender parents, surrogacy arrangements and children’s right to knowledge of their biological origins. The chapter concludes with a discussion of guardianship.
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This chapter examines copyright issues from copying and distributing information from the internet. It considers the discussion focuses on how the internet has challenged the application and development of copyright law, considering web-copyright concerns such as linking, caching, and aggregating, citing Google Inc. v Copiepresse SCRL. It spends considerable time discussing the operation of the temporary eproduction right though key cases Infopaq International, and Public Relations Consultants Association v Newspaper Licensing Agency. The analysis then moves on to examine the communication to the public right created by the Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society Directive, examining the application of the right through key cases such as Nils Svensson v Retriever Sverige, GS Media v Sanoma Media, and Stichting Brein v Ziggo BV.
Chapter
The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam and assignment questions. Each book includes key debates, typical questions, diagram answer plans, suggested answers, author commentary, and tips to gain extra marks. This chapter focuses on legal parenthood and parental responsibility and contains two essay questions and two problem questions. The topics covered in this chapter are: presumptions of paternity and paternity tests; legal parenthood in assisted reproduction situations; the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008; legal parenthood in surrogacy situations; and parental responsibility. The topics covered in this chapter are complex as they raise legal, ethical, and moral issues.
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This chapter examines legal and ethical aspects of assisted reproduction. Topics discussed include infertility; the concept of reproductive autonomy; criticisms of assisted reproduction; regulation of assisted reproductive technologies; criticisms of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990; gamete donation; surrogacy; cloning; and genetic enhancement and eugenics. The chapter explores the extent to which the state should regulate decisions around reproduction or whether they should be left to the decision of the individuals concerned. Some people believe that the interests of children to be born should be taken into account, although there is extensive debates over how this should be done.
Chapter
This chapter examines legal and ethical aspects of assisted reproduction. Topics discussed include infertility; the concept of reproductive autonomy; criticisms of assisted reproduction; regulation of assisted reproductive technologies; criticisms of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990; gamete donation; surrogacy; cloning; and genetic enhancement and eugenics. The chapter explores the extent to which the state should regulate decisions around reproduction or whether they should be left to the decision of the individuals concerned. Some people believe that the interests of children to be born should be taken into account, although there is extensive debates over how this should be done.
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G. T. Laurie, S. H. E. Harmon, and E. S. Dove
This chapter discusses ethical and legal aspects of managing infertility and childlessness. It addresses the control of assisted reproduction in the UK; insemination; the infertile or childless woman; and surrogate motherhood.
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Justine Pila and Paul L.C. Torremans
This chapter considers the nature and scope of the rights conferred by copyright and related rights under European law. The starting point for this discussion are domestic conceptions of copyright and related rights as conferring a range of economic and moral rights on authors and related rights holders to authorize or prohibit certain acts in relation to the protected work or subject matter within the territory of the protecting state, subject to the availability of a limitation or exception. With this as background, the chapter considers the precise nature and scope of the rights conferred by copyright and related rights as a matter of European law, and such aspects of those rights as remain untouched by European law.
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Jo Samanta and Ash Samanta
Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Medical Law Concentrate provides a study and revision guide aiming to cover the essential aspects of this rapidly changing field of law. Topics covered include: the contemporary healthcare environment; medical negligence; consent; confidentiality; and access to medical records. The volume also looks at abortion and prenatal harm, assisted reproduction, clinical research, and organ transplantation. Finally, it covers mental health law and the end-of-life decisions. The work is underpinned by reference to statutory provisions and the common law. Where appropriate, pertinent bioethical and moral principles that often underpin the law in this area are discussed, as well as the influence of quasi-law. Reference is made to key points of comparison with other jurisdictions, as well as some socio-legal considerations.
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L. Bently, B. Sherman, D. Gangjee, and P. Johnson
This chapter is about the rights conferred by the law on copyright owners, and the scope of what determines the types of activity that amounts to copyright infringement. It begins by considering the right to copy the work, focusing on the issue of reproduction with respect to literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works as well as films, sound recordings, broadcasts, and typographical arrangements. It then looks at other rights granted to copyright owners, including distribution right; the right to rent and lend copies of the work; the right to perform the work in public; and the right to make an adaptation of the work.
Chapter
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses principles relating to the authorship and ownership of copyright, and the significance of this designation. It examines how owners of copyright can exploit their works by either assignment or licence and the circumstances in which courts can imply terms in the absence of parties having agreed as to how a copyright work can be exploited. The chapter discusses the term of copyright protection and also examines exclusive rights, both moral and economic in nature, that authors and owners respectively have in their copyright works.
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This chapter examines copyright issues arising from copying and distributing information on the internet. The discussion focuses on how the internet has challenged the application and development of copyright law, considering web-copyright concerns such as linking, caching, and aggregating, citing Google Inc. v Copiepresse SCRL. It spends considerable time discussing the operation of the temporary reproduction right through key cases Infopaq International and Public Relations Consultants Association v Newspaper Licensing Agency. The analysis then moves on to examine the communication to the public right created by the Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society Directive examining the application of the right through key cases such as Nils Svensson v Retriever Sverige, Stichting Brein v Ziggo BV, VG Bild-Kunst v Stiftung and Tunein Inc. v Warner Music. It concludes with a discussion of the newly enacted Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive.
Chapter
L. Bently, B. Sherman, D. Gangjee, and P. Johnson
This chapter is about the rights conferred by the law on copyright owners and the types of activity that amount to copyright infringement. It begins by considering the right to copy the work, in particular its distinct definition for different categories and types of work. It then looks at other rights granted to copyright owners, including distribution right (and the concept of its ‘exhaustion’); the right to rent and lend copies of the work, including the distinctive treatment of digital copies; the right to perform the work in public and UK law’s concept of ‘the public’; the right to communicate the work to the public, including the CJEU’s extensive case-law on the concept of ‘a new public’ and its treatment of hyperlinking, file-sharing, and content-sharing platforms; and the right to make an adaptation of the work. The chapter concludes by considering the copyright owner’s right to ‘authorize’ the carrying out of any of the exclusive rights as a mechanism to extend the field of responsibility.
