Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Lawrance [2020] EWCA Crim 971, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
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Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Lawrance [2020] EWCA Crim 971, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
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This chapter examines the legal and ethical aspects of contraception, abortion, and pregnancy. Topics discussed include the use and function of contraception; the availability of contraception; teenage pregnancy rates; tort liability and contraception; ethical issues concerning contraception; the law on abortion; the legal status of the foetus; abortion ethics; and controversial abortions. A major current issue is the extent to which, if at all, the criminal law should be involved in the law of abortion. The chapter also considers arguments on legal interventions for pregnant women; for example, imprisoning a drug-using mother to ensure that her unborn child does not suffer from the consequences of her drug use.
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This chapter examines the legal and ethical aspects of contraception, abortion, and pregnancy. Topics discussed include the use and function of contraception; the availability of contraception; teenage pregnancy rates; tort liability and contraception; ethical issues concerning contraception; the law on abortion; the legal status of the fetus; abortion ethics; and controversial abortions. A major current issue is the extent to which, if at all, the criminal law should be involved in the law of abortion. The chapter also considers arguments on legal interventions for pregnant women; for example, imprisoning a drug-using mother to ensure that her unborn child does not suffer from the consequences of her drug use.
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G. T. Laurie, S. H. E. Harmon, and E. S. Dove
This chapter begins with a discussion of concepts of death. It considers the mostly philosophical arguments against the use of the term ‘brain death’ as applied to the person and then explains the medico-legal effects of applying brainstem death criteria. The chapter also discusses post-mortem pregnancy.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines the law on abortion, beginning with a survey of the ongoing debate over the moral legitimacy of abortion. It then examines the current legal position, and considers how the Abortion Act 1967, as amended, works in practice. It looks at recent controversies over sex-selective abortion and considers the prospects for law reform. Finally, the chapter looks briefly at the regulation of abortion in Northern Ireland, Ireland, and the United States.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter first discusses the legitimacy of surrogacy, and considers the particular issues raised by outsourcing surrogacy to India. It then turns to the regulation of surrogacy in the UK. Although commercial involvement in surrogacy is prohibited, the court has a wide discretion to retrospectively authorize payments to surrogacy mothers. This chapter considers the increasing number of surrogacy cases reaching the family courts, many of them involving overseas surrogacy arrangements, and evaluates how the law might be reformed, once the Law Commission has completed its review.
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This chapter first discusses the legitimacy of surrogacy, and the particular issues raised by cross-border surrogacy arrangements. It then turns to the regulation of surrogacy in the UK. Although commercial involvement in surrogacy is prohibited, the court has a wide discretion retrospectively to authorize payments to surrogates. In addition, the courts have adopted a flexible approach to some of the other criteria for the making of parental orders. Finally, it evaluates the Law Commissions’ proposed reforms.
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This chapter examines the law on abortion, beginning with debates over the moral legitimacy of abortion. It then examines the current legal position, and considers how the Abortion Act 1967, as amended, works in practice, as well as considering the prospects for law reform. Finally, the chapter looks briefly at the regulation of abortion in Northern Ireland, Ireland, and the United States.
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G. T. Laurie, S. H. E. Harmon, and E. S. Dove
This chapter discusses ethical and legal aspects of controlling fertility and birth. It addresses the highly contested concept of personhood, as well as contraception, contragestation, sterilisation, and termination of pregnancy, and the increasing use of conscientious objection by care givers.
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G. T. Laurie, S. H. E. Harmon, and E. S. Dove
This chapter discusses: the nature of the duty of care in the action for wrongful pregnancy; legal action for wrongful birth; wrongful (or diminished) life actions; and wrongful injury to the fetus and feticide.
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This chapter discusses the law on discrimination due to the protected characteristics of gender reassignment, marital status and civil partnership, and pregnancy and maternity. The Sex Discrimination Act as originally drafted only prohibited discrimination on grounds of sex and marital status. However, civil partners are now treated in the same way as married people. Transgender people, who live as someone of the opposite gender, are protected from discrimination. They can also change their birth certificates so that their new gender is reflected there. Pregnant women have a right not to be discriminated against, and this is a free-standing right. People are entitled not to be discriminated against because of their sexual orientation. The prohibition against sex discrimination covers heterosexuals as well as homosexual people.
