This chapter details the relatively few legal controls and restrictions on partnerships and partnership agreements, together with aspects of contract law and litigation issues. In terms of contract law, the issues are capacity to become a partner, illegality and partnerships, and restraint of trade clauses in partnership agreements. With regard to the latter, the issues are validity and severance of such clauses as a matter of public policy, and enforcement. Medical and solicitors' partnerships are specifically considered in that context. The controls on partnership and business names in the Companies Act 2006 are set out, followed by the possibility of passing-off actions in tort. Finally, the position of partnerships, not being legal persons, as either complainants or defendants is considered.
Chapter
3. Legal Controls on Partnerships
Chapter
27. Crime prevention as urban security
Adam Adam, Susan Donkin, and Christine A. Weirich
This chapter reviews the learning and accumulated research evidence that has developed over the last 40 years or so with regard to crime prevention, community safety, and urban security. It begins by tracing the historic emergence of the modern ‘preventive turn’, its evolution and institutionalization within the UK, across successive waves of development. In doing so, it highlights three broad periods of change which are characterized as: the ‘early years’ of innovation and experimentation (from the late 1970s to the early 1990s); the period marked by ‘expansion and elaboration’ informed by infrastructure building and the opening up of crime prevention to incorporate wider features of community safety and perceptions of insecurity (the late 1990s to 2010); and ‘fragmentation and retrenchment’ marked by austerity and the rise of vulnerability as an organizing focus for service provision (2010 to the present). It situates the British experience in the wider context of Europe with a particular focus on urban policies, city-level strategies and delivery through multi-sectoral partnerships. This comparative framing helps to understand the particular British experience, its development, trajectories, persisting fault-lines and future challenges. Consideration is given to some of the recurring challenges that feature both across time and across jurisdictions. In particular, the question of institutional responsibility for prevention and the dissonance between the research knowledge base and contemporary policy and practice are explored.
Chapter
35. Crime prevention and community safety
Adam Crawford and Karen Evans
This chapter traces and evaluates both the historic emergence of the modern ‘preventive turn’ as well as the elaboration and institutionalization of crime prevention and community safety over the last thirty years or so. Focusing on the UK, the evolution and changes over time are situated, where relevant, in a broader international context. The chapter identifies three distinct periods of development that structure the shifts in crime prevention policy and practices from the 1980s to the present day. It explores the conceptualization, take-up, and advancement of a preventive mentality and practices in relation to situational, social, and developmental crime prevention as well as community safety. It goes on to assess the institutionalization of preventive partnerships and early intervention as distinct forms of governance and their implications for ‘responsibilization’ and ‘securitization’. In conclusion, it reflects upon the journey travelled thus far as well as possible future directions in an age of austerity.
Book
Lucy Jones
Introduction to Business Law demonstrates the relevance of key areas of the law to a world of work that the business student can relate to. Students of business often find business law modules challenging, irrelevant to their future career, and full of alien terminology and concepts. Structured in eight parts, this book provides a foundation in the key legal concepts of the English legal system, contract law, and negligence before discussing how the law affects the everyday workings of businesses and their employees from protecting intellectual property rights to company formation, winding up and insolvency. It covers a variety of topics around the subjects of the English legal system, contract law, the law of torts, employment law, the structure and management of business and the major intellectual property rights.
