This chapter discusses the issue of funding alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures. Costs are a major motivation for undertaking ADR, but the costs position can be quite complex. Indeed, the separate elements of costs must all be considered. It is government policy to make more use of ADR, including online ADR, for lower-value cases so that dispute resolution is cost effective. Although a process like arbitration can be expensive, most ADR processes are relatively inexpensive, and information on costs is quite easily available from ADR providers. Ultimately, it is important for the lawyer to make an overall analysis of the financial position and risks to assist the client in taking an informed decision about litigation and ADR options. Costs may be considered as part of a negotiated or mediated settlement.
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4. Funding ADR Procedures
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10. Access to environmental justice and the role of the courts
Stuart Bell, Donald McGillivray, Ole W. Pedersen, Emma Lees, and Elen Stokes
This chapter focuses on the scope of the public to challenge environmental decisions before the courts. A central focus is judicial review and the occasional reluctance of the UK courts to intervene in environmental law matters, deferring instead to administrative decision-makers. Central to this is also the rules of standing, the complex regime for costs protection (which is largely derived from the Aarhus Convention), and the general rules of public law. The chapter finishes with a discussion of alternative, non-judicial compliance bodies, including the Information Commissioner.
