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able to use the library as a backup is essential. That said, virtually all case law research is now done online, and you should find that the cases you will need as an undergraduate exist

able to use the library as a backup is essential. That said, virtually all case law research is now done online, and you should find that the cases you will need as an undergraduate exist

conclusion as to the outcome of the case. The ratio of the case is the legal rule and associated reasoning that is essential to the resolution of the case. It is the conclusion that is

conclusion as to the outcome of the case. The ratio of the case is the legal rule and associated reasoning that is essential to the resolution of the case. It is the conclusion that is

respondent. The case name does not necessarily indicate which party is the appellant and which is the respondent. It is essential to use the past history of the case and the way in which

respondent. The case name does not necessarily indicate which party is the appellant and which is the respondent. It is essential to use the past history of the case and the way in which

analysis of factual detail is essential to the application of rules. You might wish to know, for instance, what were the weather conditions in each case, whether either of the drivers

for controlling costs is greater use of fixed costs for bringing cases to court. Jackson thought they were essential. The idea is not new. During the 1990s, the Civil Justice Council

paragraph numbers, as is invariably the case with neutrally cited cases, it is perfectly acceptable to use a paragraph number as a pinpoint (and essential if it is not published elsewhere

paragraph numbers, as is invariably the case with neutrally cited cases, it is perfectly acceptable to use a paragraph number as a pinpoint (and essential if it is not published elsewhere

‘unspecified damages’ instead of ‘unliquidated damages’. The essential features of the case are set out in a ‘statement of case’ instead of ‘pleadings’. There are numerous other examples

facts. 24 Whether something is a ‘material’ fact depends on whether it is essential to the decision of the case. Example Material facts The defendant, a 31-year-old female called Sheila

hearing cases be retained? There are already many types of case which proceed entirely on the papers. Can this principle be extended further? Secondly, in how many cases is a ruling

(a) in accordance with any retained case law and any retained general principles of EU law. Thus pre-exit case law of the CJEU, or UK case law applying CJEU interpretations of EU

questions for each case: 1. What was the legal issue in the case? 2. What was the legal rule that applied in this case? 3. What were the particular facts of this case? 4. What

questions for each case: 1. What was the legal issue in the case? 2. What was the legal rule that applied in this case? 3. What were the particular facts of this case? 4. What

relation to children, it is essential to distinguish between public law cases and private law cases. • Public law cases are those brought by public authorities—in particular the

earlier cases and develops the law, and how it has been applied in any subsequent cases. Good case notes will also reflect on any wider policy and reform issues raised by the case directly

sources of information, international relations, or national security. It is essential that such cases are kept under continuing review. Source : Adapted from the Code for Crown

judge to hear the case. Civil litigation is heard by a variety of judges and the case management process will ensure that the right judge is allocated for the type of case, and its seriousness